RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a variação estacional da oferta e dos preços do morango praticados no estado de Minas Gerais, representados pelas unidades da CEASAMINAS, bem como as componentes dessa oferta para cada principal região abastecedora do Estado, no período de 2016 a 2019. Os dados obtidos de oferta e de preços do morango praticados no estado de Minas Gerais foram processados utilizando-se metodologia da média geométrica móvel centralizada, para os cálculos dos índices de variação estacional. A unidade CEASAMINAS (Grande BH) foi responsável por 76% da comercialização anual de morango em Minas Gerais por meio das unidades da CEASAMINAS, que oscilou entre e 6.038,4 e 7.413,4 toneladas anuais. As variações estacionais de oferta e de preços refletiram claramente a necessidade de novas cultivares que possam tolerar as grandes oscilações climáticas nos meses de meia estação e de verão. Também ficou evidente que, a despeito da deficiência da disponibilidade no mercado de cultivares mais adaptadas para a produção em clima tropical brasileiro, a produção de morango ainda é mais baixa em épocas mais quentes do ano, um reflexo provável das elevadas temperaturas, aliadas a elevados índices de precipitação e fotoperíodos mais longos, condições comuns nessas regiões nestes períodos e estações de transição e de verão, ocasionando assim as maiores perdas e baixos índices produtivos, bem como os maiores preços no mercado.

ABSTRACT: The research studied the seasonal variation in supply and prices of strawberry practiced in the state of Minas Gerais, represented by the units of the CEASAMINAS, as well as components of this supply for each major supply region in the state, in the period between 2016 and 2019. The CEASAMINAS unit (Greater Belo Horizonte) was responsible for 76% of the annual commercialization of strawberry in Minas Gerais, through the CEASAMINAS units, which fluctuated between 6038.4 and 7413.4 Mg ha-1 yearly. In the periods of transition from winter to mid-season and summer, it is possible to observe striking variations in supply and prices of strawberry in market assessed, referring to the lowest productive averages and the highest average prices observed year to year. The seasonal variations in supply and prices of strawberry clearly reflected the need for new cultivars that can satisfactorily produce during the mid-season and high temperature months.

RESUMO As hortaliças folhosas não convencionais podem ser uma boa fonte de nutrientes para a dieta humana, mas há poucas informações sobre adubação para essas espécies. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adubação orgânica com esterco bovino na produção e composição química de hortaliças folhosas não convencionais. O experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação, em vasos. Os fatores em estudo foram espécies de hortaliças não convencionais (Rumex acetosa, Stachys byzantina e Lactuca canadensis) e doses de esterco bovino (0; 5; 10; 15; e 20 t ha-1), arranjados em esquema fatorial 3 x 5, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Na colheita, foram avaliados o diâmetro de caule, número total de folhas, número de folhas com padrão comercial, matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea, concentração e quantidades acumuladas de macro e micronutrientes na parte aérea. A adubação com esterco bovino alterou o diâmetro de caule, número de folhas com padrão comercial, matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea, bem como o acúmulo dos nutrientes N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Mn e Zn na parte aérea das três espécies estudadas. Os acréscimos obtidos variaram de 1,1 a 2,1 vezes, em relação ao tratamento sem adubação orgânica, e a dose equivalente a 20 t ha-1 foi a mais adequada. A adubação orgânica com esterco bovino aumenta a produção e o acúmulo de nutrientes nas hortaliças não convencionais avaliadas, sendo que R. acetosa apresenta maior acúmulo de nutrientes do que S. byzantina e L. canadensis.

ABSTRACT Non-conventional leafy vegetables can be a good source of nutrients for the human diet, but there is little information on fertilization for these species. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic fertilization with cattle manure on the production and chemical composition of non-conventional leafy vegetables. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in pots. The factors under study were non-conventional leafy species (Rumex acetosa, Stachys byzantina and Lactuca canadensis) and cattle manure doses (0; 5; 10; 15; and 20 t ha-1), arranged in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme, in a randomized block design, with four replications. At harvest, the following parameters were evaluated: stem diameter; total number of leaves; number of leaves with commercial standard; shoot fresh and dry matter; macro and micronutrients concentration and accumulated amounts in the shoot. The fertilization with cattle manure altered the stem diameter, number of leaves with commercial standard, shoot fresh and dry matter, as well as the accumulation of the nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Mn and Zn in the shoot of the three species studied. The additions obtained varied from 1.1 to 2.1 times, in relation to the treatment without organic fertilization, and the dose equivalent to 20 t ha-1 was the most adequate one. The organic fertilization with cattle manure increases the production and accumulation of nutrients in the non-conventional vegetables evaluated, with R. acetosa presenting a nutrient accumulation higher than S. byzantina and L. canadensis.

ABSTRACT Considering that the beneficial effects of silicon on human health and it´s accumulation in plants are little explored, studies of mineral nutrition in non-conventional vegetables are extremely relevant. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify non-conventional vegetables responsive to silica fertilization and evaluate the effect of fertilization on the content and accumulation of Si and macronutrients in these plants. The experiment followed a 4 x 5 factorial design, with four species of non-conventional vegetables (Rumex acetosa L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Sonchus oleraceus L. and Stachys byzantina) and five doses of Si (0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg dm-3). The relative chlorophyll index, the fresh and dry matter masses, the content and accumulation of Si and macronutrients were evaluated. The species A. retroflexus, S. oleraceus. and S. byzantina showed the highest contents and accumulation of Si. The application of doses above 100 mg dm-3 promoted the highest silicon content estimated for the species. The species A. retroflexus, R. acetosa and S. byzantina are non-silicon accumulators, whereas S. oleraceus is intermediate.

ABSTRACT Arrowroot is a plant originated in Latin America that has aroused interest in the food industry due to its high starch content, with differentiated characteristics and high commercial value. However, information on the management of arrowroot are scarce, precluding its commercial competition with other similar species, being necessary further studies with the crop. Thus, the objective of the present study was to characterize extracted starch from arrowroot grown under different agronomic management. Three agronomic factors were studied: planting systems (PS), forms of water management (WM) and planting density (PD). The experimental analyses were performed in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates, being evaluated the extraction yield, percent composition, quantity of starch, pH, titratable acidity, swelling power, solubility and electron microscopy analysis. In general, the analyzed extracted starches deriving from different agronomic treatments have low crude fiber, besides typical characteristics of arrowroot extracted starch such as texture, color, shape and size of granules, without any other apparent particle than the starch itself, indicating extraction efficiency. However, the planting density may have contributed to influence some parameters of the chemical composition of the extracted starch, such as the content of starch, ash, ether extract, protein and carbohydrate fraction.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize the nutritional compounds of interest present in vegetables known as non-conventional, in Brazil. The following evaluations were carried out: antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, calories, carbohydrates, humidity, lipids, proteins, fiber, acidity and quantification of minerals (P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and B). The species studied were Amaranthus hybridus L., Amaranthus viridis L., Basella alba L., Eryngium campestre L., Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Lactuca canadensis L., Rumex acetosa L., Stachys byzantina K. Koch, Tropaeolum majus L. and Xanthosoma sagittifolium L. Representative samples of plant structures of interest were harvested from each species suitable for human consumption such as leaves, flowers and flower buds. The results were submitted to multivariate analysis - principal components analysis (PCA). All the species present nutritional compounds of interest in different levels among the evaluated structures.

Abstract The aim of this study was to perform chromosome counts and nuclear DNA quantification of the unconventional vegetables species: bertalha (Basella alba L.), vinagreira verde (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), azedinha (Rumex acetosa L.), peixinho (Stachys byzantina K. Koch), and capuchinha (Tropaeolum majus L.). Metaphase chromosomes were obtained from the pre-treatment of root meristem with 8-hydroxyquinoline or colchicine and lides were prepared by the flame-drying technique and stained with 5% Giemsa. DNA quantification was performed by flow cytometry. Chromosome number and DNA content (pg) estimated for each species were: Rumex acetosa: 2n=2x=14 and 7.04 pg; Basella alba: 2n=2x=44 and 7.05 pg; Tropaeolum majus: 2n=2x=28 and 2.08 pg; Stachys byzantine: 2n=2x=30 and 1.54 pg, and Hibiscus sabdariffa: 2n=4x=72 and 5.12 pg.

RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar o balanço energético (razão output/input) da cultura da canola, nas condições brasileiras, para a produção de biodiesel. A energia fóssil dispendida na produção de 600kg de óleo por hectare foi de 7.146.537kcal. O rendimento energético estimado por hectare foi de 9.930.000kcal, a partir da produtividade de 1.500kg ha-1 de grãos (40% de óleo e 60% de torta), resultando no valor do balanço energético de 1,39. Os resultados indicam a viabilidade da produção do biocombustível com base na respectiva cultura, mas demonstram também a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento das tecnologias empregadas para que se aumentem os índices dos balanços energético e econômico.

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to estimate the energy balance (output/input ratio) of the canola crop for biodiesel production, under Brazilian conditions. Fossil energy expended in the production of 600kg of oil per hectare was 7,146,537kcal. The estimated energy yield per hectare was 9,930,000kcal from the production of 1,500kg ha-1 of seeds (40% oil and 60% oil cake), which resulted in an energy balance of 1.39. Results indicated the viability of biofuel production from canola, but also showed the need to improve the technology used to increase the energy and economic balance ratios.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o número de cromossomos e o conteúdo de DNA nuclear em cinco espécies do gênero Amaranthus, de ocorrência comum no Brasil. Cromossomos metafásicos foram obtidos pela técnica de secagem à chama e corados com Giemsa 5%, e o conteúdo de DNA foi determinado por citometria de fluxo. Observou-se 2n=32 cromossomos em A. hybridus e 2n=34 nas demais espécies estudadas, o que é indicativo de ocorrência de disploidia descendente. O conteúdo de DNA nuclear variou de 1,28 a 1,79 pg, e A. deflexus apresentou o maior valor.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the chromosome number and nuclear DNA content of five species of the genus Amaranthus, which commonly occur in Brazil. Metaphase chromosomes were obtained through the flame drying technique and stained with 5% Giemsa, and DNA content was determined by flow cytometry. 2n=32 chromosomes were observed in A. hybridus and 2n=34 in the other studied species, indicating the occurrence of descendant dysploidy. The nuclear DNA content ranged from 1.28 to 1.79 pg, and A. deflexus had the highest value.

Em virtude da variedade de cultivares atualmente disponíveis, de suas diferentes exigências climáticas e das diferenças climáticas entre as várias regiões produtoras, a couve-flor pode apresentar variações estacionais de oferta e de preços ao longo do ano. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a variação estacional da oferta e dos preços da couve-flor praticados no Estado de Minas Gerais, representados pelas unidades da CEASAMINAS, bem como as componentes dessa oferta para cada principal região abastecedora do Estado, no período de 2005 a 2009. A unidade CEASAMINAS (Grande BH) foi responsável por 68% da comercialização anual de couve-flor em Minas Gerais por meio das unidades da CEASAMINAS, que oscilou entre 9.420 e 10.937 toneladas anuais. A quase totalidade de produção proveio de municípios mineiros, localizados em quatro grandes mesorregiões: Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Campo das Vertentes, Triângulo Mineiro e Vale do Rio Doce, que representaram, respectivamente, 49%, 28%, 9% e 6% da oferta anual. As variações estacionais de oferta refletiram claramente as limitações dos cultivares atualmente disponíveis e a necessidade de novos cultivares que possam tolerar as grandes oscilações de temperatura nos meses de meia estação. Também ficou evidente que, a despeito da disponibilidade de cultivares de verão, a produção de couve-flor ainda é mais baixa nessa época do ano, um reflexo provável da alta precipitação que ocasiona maiores perdas por doenças na lavoura e em pós-colheita.

Due to the large number of varieties currently available, their different climatic requirements and different climates among producing regions, cauliflower may have seasonal variations in supply and price throughout the year. The objective of this work was to analyze the seasonal variation of supply and prices of cauliflower in the State of Minas Gerais (as indicated by the wholesale terminal market CEASAMINAS-Belo Horizonte), as well as the contribution of the main cauliflower producing regions in the State to the total supply, from 2005 to 2009. The wholesale terminal market CEASAMINAS-Belo Horizonte accounted for 68% of the total yearly commercialization of cauliflower through the different units of the CEASAMINAS system, which varied between 9420 and 10937 metric tons per year. Almost all of the total production originated from within-state municipalities, located in four major producing regions -Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, Campo das Vertentes, The Minas Triangle Region, and the Rio Doce Valley, accounting for 49%, 28%, 9% and 6% of the total yearly supply, respectively. Variation in the seasonal supply clearly reflected the limitations of the currently available cultivars and evidenced the need for new cultivars that could withstand wider temperature ranges during seasonal transitions. In spite of the availability of heat-tolerant cauliflower cultivars, the supply is lower during the summer, a possible consequence of the high rainfall during this season, which can cause losses due to high disease incidence in the field and in the post-harvest period.